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Ukuqina Kwezinto: Izinhlobo, Izindlela Zokuhlola, Amayunithi & Ishadi Egcwele | SMS Machining
Kwadalwa ngo 06.01
Ukuqina kwezinto kubaluleke kakhulu ezakhiweni zemishini ezisetshenziswa ekukhetheni izinto ezisebenza embonini nasekukhiqizeni imishini ye-CNC. Ezintweni zemishini, izingxenye zezimoto, izinto zokubamba ezakhiweni, nemishini enembayo, ukuqina kunquma ngqo ukumelana nokuguga, ukumelana nokuklwebheka, ukumelana nokuguquguquka, kanye nokuphila kwesevisi okuphelele.
Ukukhetha izinto ezingalungile ngokuqina kungaholela ekuguquguqukeni kwezingxenye, ukuguga komhlaba, ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo, noma ukuwa okuphelele kwephrojekthi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola ukuqina kwezinto ngaphambi kokukhiqiza kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile kuwo wonke umklamo wobunjiniyela kanye nephrojekthi yokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
Njengomkhiqizi ochwepheshe we-OEM onesitifiketi se-ISO 9001, SMS iqonda kahle ukubaluleka kokufanisana kobulukhuni ekwenzeni imishini ngokwezifiso. Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uhlanganisa ukuthi yini ubulukhuni bezinto, izinhlobo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zobulukhuni, izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlola ubulukhuni, amayunithi namasayensi ajwayelekile obulukhuni, namathiphu asebenzayo embonini ukusiza onjiniyela bomhlaba wonke namaqembu okuthenga ukuthi akhethe izinto ngokunembayo.
Yini Ubulukhuni Bezinto?
Ubulukhuni bezinto bubhekisela ekubeni namandla kwento eqinile ukumelana namandla angaphandle omshini, okuhlanganisa ukuklwejwa kobuso, ukugqobozwa, ukungena, ukukhuhla, nokuguquguquka okuhlala njalo. Ngamafuphi, ikhono lento lokugcina isimo sayo sokuqala somzimba nokungonakali kobuso ngaphansi komthwalo nokuhlikihla.
Ukuqina kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ezintweni ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Izinsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu njengensimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi engagqwalile, nensimbi eyenziwe nge-alloy zibonisa ukuqina okuhle nokumelana nokuguquguquka. Ngokuphambene, i-tin, i-aluminium, ipulasitiki, nokhuni kungama-material athambile anokuqina okuphansi, afanele izimo zokusebenzisa ezilula nezomthwalo ophansi.
Izinto eziningi zithinta ukuqina kwe-material, okubandakanya i-plasticity, i-ductility, i-elastic stiffness, i-toughness, i-strain strength, i-viscoelasticity, ne-viscosity. Izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ze-material nezinqubo zokwelashwa ngokushisa zizoguqula ngokuphelele ukusebenza kokuqina kokugcina kwezingxenye eziqediwe.
Izinhlobo Ezi-3 Eziyinhloko Zokuqina Kwe-Material (Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezimboni)
Ngokwezindlela ezahlukene zokusebenzisa amandla kanye nezingxenye zokuguquguquka, ukuqina kwezinto zezimboni kwezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko. Uhlobo ngalunye luhambisana nezimo ezahlukene zokusebenza nezigameko zokuhlola, okuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokukhethwa kwezinto zezimboni:
1. Ukuqina Okuklwebhekileyo
Ukuqina komumo kubhekisa ekubeni nomthamo okuthile kwezinto zokumelana nemihuzuko ebusweni ebangelwa ukungqubuzana noma ukuklwebha into eqinile. Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukuhlola ukumelana nokuguga kwezinto kanye nokusebenza kwezinto zokumelana nemihuzuko.
Ezimweni zezimboni, izingxenye ezisebenza ezindaweni zokungqubuzana isikhathi eside kumele zibe nokuqina okuphezulu komumo. Izinto ezinokuqina okuphansi komumo zivame ukudabuka ebusweni, ukwanda kokungcola, nokuncipha kokusebenza, okuholela ekugcinweni njalo kwemishini kanye nokwanda kwezindleko zokukhiqiza. Lezi zivivinyo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni ezithambekele ekuphukeni njengezinto zobumba, izendlalelo, nezingxenye zokuhlobisa eziyinhloko.
2. Ukuqina Kokuphuma (Ukuqina Okunamandla)
Iphinde yaziwe njenge-dynamic hardness, i-rebound hardness ingeyokwelastiki. Ihlola ikhono lokubuyela esimweni sokuqala sezinto ngemuva kokushaywa okwesikhashana. Ngokungafani nokuguquguquka okungapheli, izinto ezinama-rebound hardness aphezulu zingabuyisa ngokuphelele isimo sazo sokuqala ngemuva kokuthi amandla angaphandle esusiwe ngaphandle kokuguquguquka okuhlala njalo.
Indlela yokuhlola ukudonsa isando esinokuhlaba itshe elijwayelekile endaweni yento bese uhlola inani lokuqina ngokuya ngokuphuma kwesando. Ukuphuma okuphezulu, kungcono ukwelastiki kwezinto kanye ne-dynamic hardness. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukutholwa okusheshayo kwezinto zokuqina zamapuleti ensimbi, ama-forging, nezingxenye ezinkulu zesakhiwo.
3. Ukuqina kokugxilisa
Ukuqina kokucindezelwa kuyindlela eqine kakhulu esetshenziswa kakhulu kwezobunjiniyela bemishini nokucubungula i-CNC. Kubhekiselwa ekubeni namandla kwempahla ukumelana nokucindezela okuqhubekayo nokuguquguquka kokucindezelwa. Onjiniyela nabathuthukisi bezinsimbi bavame ukubhekisa ekuqineni kokucindezelwa lapho kuxoxwa ngedatha yokuqina kwezinto.
Ukuhlolwa kusebenzisa umthwalo oqhubekayo ojwayelekile ukwakha ukucindezelwa okumisiwe ebusweni bezinto futhi kubala inani lokuqina ngokuya ngosayizi wokucindezelwa. Kusekela izivivinyo ezinkulu nezincane, kufanele cishe zonke izinto zensimbi, futhi kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuhlola ukuqina kwezinto zezimboni.
Amayunithi Okubaluleka Kwezinto & Izikali Zokulinganisa Eziyisibonelo
Amakhasimende amaningi ayadidaniswa amayunithi okubaluleka kwezinto namayunithi okucindezela. Iyunithi ejwayelekile ye-SI yokubaluleka kwezinto yi-N/mm² (Pascal), kuyilapho iyunithi yokucindezela yi-N/m². Izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola ukubaluleka kwezinto zihambisana nezikali zokulinganisa ezikhethekile, ezingenakufaniswa ngqo, kodwa zingaguqulwa ngokusebenzisa amatafula okuguqula ajwayelekile ukuze kutholwe isiqondiso.
Amayunithi nezikali ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe zihlanganiswa ngezansi:
- I-Brinell Hardness (HB / HBW)
: Kufanele kube kuhle kumametal aphansi naphakathi okuqina, ama-castings, nama-forgings
- Ukuqina kwe-Rockwell (HRA / HRB / HRC)
: Isikali esiyinhloko sokuhlolwa kokuqina kwamametal ezimbonini, i-HRC yensimbi eqinile, i-HRB yamametal athambile
- Ukuqina kwe-Vickers (HV)
: Ukuhlolwa okunembayo okuphezulu kwezinto ezincane, ama-coatings, nezingxenye ezincane kakhulu
- Ukuqina kweLeeb (HLD / HLS / HLE)
: Ukutholwa okusheshayo okuphathekayo kwezingxenye ezinkulu zomsebenzi
- Ukuqina kweMohs
: Isikali esichwepheshayo sokuhlolwa kokuqina okuklwebhekayo, esifanele izinto ezingezona ezensimbi nezinto zamaminerali
Izindlela Ezi-5 Ezivamile Zokuhlola Ukuqina Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswa Embonini
Izinto ezahlukene nezigameko zokusetshenziswa zidinga izindlela zokuhlola ukuqina ezihlosiwe.SMSihlela izimiso ezinemininingwane, izinyathelo zokusebenza, nezigameko ezisebenzayo zezindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlola ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubunjiniyela bakho:
1. Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina Kwe-Brinell
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Brinell kuyindlela yakudala futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu yokuhlola ukuqina okukhulu, ehambisana namazinga e-ISO 6506 kanye ne-ASTM E10. Isebenzisa ibhola lensimbi elijwayelekile elingu-10mm noma ibhola le-tungsten carbide njengomhloli, isebenzisa umthwalo ojwayelekile kusuka ku-500KG kuya ku-3000KG, futhi igcina umthwalo imizuzwana engama-30 ukuze kwakheke umbobo oziqine endaweni yento.
Ngemuva kokukhipha umhloli, k measure ububanzi bombobo kusetshenziswa imishini yokubona encane, kubalwe inani eliphakathi, futhi kutholwe inombolo yokuqina kwe-Brinell ngomunye umusho ochwepheshe. Ifanele kakhulu izinsimbi ezinezigaxa ezinkulu, insimbi yokubumba, ingxubevange ye-aluminium, nezingxenye zensimbi eziqine kancane.
2. Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni kwe-Rockwell
Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni kwe-Rockwell kuyindlela ekhethwayo yokutholwa kwamaqoqo embonini, enezikali ezingu-30 ongazikhetha. Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-HRC (i-diamond cone indenter yensimbi eqinile, insimbi engagqwali) kanye ne-HRB (i-steel ball indenter yamalogi ethambile).
Ukuhlolwa kuqala ngokufaka umthwalo omncane ukuze kuqedwe ukungalingani kobuso futhi kuqinisekiswe ukufakwa kwe-indenter, bese kufakwa umthwalo omkhulu ukuze kwakheke ukungena okuhlala njalo. Inani lobulukhuni libalwa ngokwendlela yokungena okuhlala njalo ngaphambi nangemva kokufakwa komthwalo. Kubonakala ngesivinini sokuhlola esisheshayo nokusebenza kahle, kufaneleka ekuhlolweni kokukhiqiza ngobuningi kwezingxenye ezicwengwe nge-CNC.
3. Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni kwe-Vickers
Iyahambisana namazinga e-ISO 6507 kanye ne-ASTM E92, ukuhlolwa kwe-Vickers kusebenzisa i-indenter eyi-diamond pyramid eyi-square eyodwa, esekela ukuhlolwa komthwalo omncane kuya kumthwalo ojwayelekile. Kuyindlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni enembayo kakhulu, efanele izinto ezithambile, amapuleti amancane, izendlalelo zangaphezulu, nezingxenye ezincane eziyimfihlo.
Ngemuva kokulayisha nokubamba ingcindezi, k measure ubude obudayagonal bokungena okuyi-square bese kubalwa inani le-HV ngokusebenzisa ifomula eyenziwe yaba eyodwa. Ixazulula inkinga yokutholwa okungaqondile kwezinto ezincane kakhulu nezithambile kakhulu ngezinye izindlela.
4. Ukuhlolwa Kobulukhuni beMohs
Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni beMohs kuyindlela yokuthola kuphela yokuqina kokuklwebha. Kusebenzisa izinto eziyi-10 ezijwayelekile ezinezindinganiso zobulukhuni obuqinisekisiwe (1 kuthalukhi, 10 kudayimane). Isimiso sokuhlolwa ukuklwebha into etholakele ngezinto ezijwayelekile zobulukhuni obaziwayo ukwahlulela izinga lokumelana nokuklwebha kwento.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mohs kwesimanje kwamukela i-Rockwell diamond indenter yokulayisha okujwayelekile nokuklwebha, okusetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthola ubulukhuni be-ceramics, amaplastiki, ingilazi, nezinto zobunjiniyela ezingezona ezensimbi.
5. Ukuhlolwa Kobulukhuni Bokuphuma kwe-Scleroscope
Le ndlela inikezelwe ekutholeni ubulukhuni bokuphuma (dynamic). Induku kadayimane iyawa ngokuqondile ngegugu lengilazi eliqinisekile futhi ishaye indawo yomsebenzi. Ubulukhuni buhlulelwa ngokuphakama kokuphuma kwenduku.
Izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu zikhiqiza ukuphakama okuphezulu, kanti izinto ezithambile zinezinga eliphansi lokuphuma. Ifanele ukuhlolwa okusheshayo okungabhubisi kwezinto ezinkulu zensimbi, izinto zokubumba, nezingxenye zemishini ngaphandle kokulimaza indawo yomsebenzi.
Umhlahlandlela Wobulukhuni Bezinto Nokuguqulwa
Izikali ezahlukene zokuqina azikwazi ukuguqulwa ngokuphelele, kodwa idatha ejwayelekile yokuguqulwa kwezimboni inganikeza ireferensi enembayo yokukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi. Izinto eziqinile kakhulu njenge-630 stainless steel, i-carbon steel, ne-alloy steel zivame ukuhlolwa ngezikali ze-HRC ne-HB; izinto ezithambile njenge-tin ne-alloy yensimbi zibusa ngezikali ze-HV ne-HRB.
Ukuhlolwa okuq professional kwezinto zokwakha kanye nokuhlaziywa kokufaniswa kwezinto kungagwema ngempumelelo ukwehluleka kwezingxenye okubangelwa ukukhethwa okuq professional okungalungile, kunciphise izinga lokuchithwa, futhi kuthuthukise izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Kungani Ukuhlolwa Kokuq professional Kwezinto Kubalulekile Kumaphrojekthi Okucubungula Nge-CNC
- Gwema Ukuphuka Kwesakhiwo
: Qinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ziyamelana nokuklebhuka, ukushayeka, nokukhubazeka endaweni yokusebenza
- Lungisa Inqubo Yokukhiqiza
: Izinto ezihlukahlukene zokudala zidinga amathuluzi okusika afanayo, isivinini, nezixazululo zokupholisa
- Lawula Ikhwalithi Yomkhiqizo
: Ukuhlolwa okuq standard kokuqina kuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki komkhiqizo we-batch
- Yehlisa Izindleko Eziphelele
: Gwema ukuchitha i-material nokulungiswa ngemuva kokuthengiswa okubangelwa ukukhethwa kwe-material okungalungile
I-SMS Professional Hardness Analysis & CNC Machining Service
I-SMS iyisihlinzeki sokukhiqiza se-OEM esiqinisekisiwe se-ISO 9001 esithembekile, enikeza izixazululo zokucubungula ngokwezifiso kusuka ekwakhiweni kwe-prototype kuya ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi. Sinikeza ukuhlaziywa kwamahhala kobuchwepheshe bokubaluleka kwezinto kanye nezeluleko zokukhetha izinto kuwo wonke amaklayenti omhlaba.
Ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela eliqeqeshiwe likala ngokunemba ukusebenza kokuqina kwezinto ngokuya ngezimo zokusetshenziswa kwephrojekthi, likhetha izinsimbi ezifanele kakhulu, i-aluminium, i-tin alloy, nezinsimbi ezingenasici, futhi lisebenzisa kahle izinqubo ze-CNC machining kanye ne-heat treatment ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zihlangabezana nezidingo zokuqina, ukumelana nokuguga, namandla esakhiwo.
Sisekela ukukhiqizwa kwezibonelo ezincane kanye nokukhiqizwa okuningi, ngokuphendula okusheshayo kwezicelo zamanani kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile. Layisha amafayela akho e-CAD manje ukuze uthole isixazululo sokukhiqiza esenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo nokuhlolwa kwamahhala kokuqina kwezinto kusuka ku-SMS!
Isiphetho
Ukuqina kwezinto zokwakha kuyisikhombisi esibalulekile esingenakubuyekezwa ekukhetheni izinto zezimboni kanye nokuklama imishini. Ukuqina okuklwebhekayo, ukuqina okubuyayo, nokuqina okucindezelayo kuhambisana nezimo ezahlukene zokusebenza, kanti izivivinyo zeBrinell, Rockwell, Vickers, kanye neMohs zakha isethi ephelele yezinhlelo zokuthola ukuqina kwezimboni.
Ngemva kokuhlola ngokunembayo nokuqhathanisa ukuqina kwezinto ngokunengqondo kuphela lapho singaqinisekisa khona ukuzinza nokuqina kwezingxenye ezicwengwe ngemishini. Ukusebenzisana nabakhiqizi abangochwepheshe njenge-SMS kungagwema ngempumelelo amaphutha ekukhetheni izinto, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi kunciphise izindleko eziphelele zephrojekthi.
Xhumana
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