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Isiqondiso Esiphelele Sokusikwa Nge-Laser: Inqubo, Izinhlobo Zamalungiselelo, Izinto, Imithetho Ye-DFM Nezindleko
Kwadalwa ngo 05.14
Ukuphambuka kwamathuluzi, ukwehluleka okuphindaphindayo kwezibonelo, kanye nezindleko ezingalindelekile zokuqedela okwesibili yizona zimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokubambezeleka kokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezisikwe nge-laser. Ngemuva kokuhlaziya izinkulungwane zezimo zokwakhiwa kwensimbi kusuka ezinanini zokukhiqiza zezimboni, sihlanganise imikhawulo ewusizo yobukhulu, amathuluzi ajwayelekile, izici zesikhala, kanye nezinto eziyinhloko zezindleko zokusika kwe-laser okunembayo kwezimboni kusuka ku-Shengmaisi Hardware kusuka ezinhlelweni ze-Hardware.
Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlinzeka ngonjiniyela bemishini, abaklami bemikhiqizo, kanye namaqembu okuthenga ngemikhiqizo enembayo, eqinisekiswe efektri. Ngaphambi kokuhambisa ama-RFQ bese uqala ukukhiqiza ngobuningi, ungacacisa zonke izithiyo zenqubo, amazinga okunemba, kanye nemininingwane yokuklama ukuze ugweme amaphutha, ukulungisa kabusha, kanye nokubambezeleka kokulethwa.
Yini Ukusika Nge-Laser?
Ukusika nge-laser kuyindlela yokukhiqiza ye-CNC enembayo ephezulu esebenzisa ububanzi be-laser obugxilisiwe, obuningi obuphezulu ukusika, ukuncibilikisa, noma ukuvusa izinto ezisetshenziswa ngendlela eyenziwe ngohlelo lwe-CAD. Njengendlela yokucubungula engathinti, ukusika kwe-laser yezimboni kuletha isivinini sokusika esisheshayo kakhulu, ububanzi obuncane be-kerf, kanye nokuhlanekezela okuncane komshini uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokudala zokusika.
Izisiki ze-laser ze-CNC zesimanje zisekela ukukhiqizwa okuyimpinda kakhulu kwezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-2D, izimbobo ezinembayo, izikhala, nezici ezibaziwe. Le nqubo isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yezimboni, isebenza ku-ukwakhiwa kwamapayipi ensimbi, izingxenye zezimoto, izindlu zamadivayisi kagesi, izibopho zezindiza, imishini yezokwelapha, kanye nama-phrojekthi zokukhiqiza ngokushesha, okuhlanganisa izidingo ezahlukahlukene zokucubungula izinsimbi nezinto ezingewona insimbi.
Umshini Wokusika Nge-Laser Usebenza Kanjani?
Imishini yokusika nge-laser ikhiqiza imisebe ye-laser egxilile enamandla aphezulu ukuncibilikisa, ukushisa, noma ukuvusa izinto zokusebenza. Amagesi asizayo anomfutho ophakeme (i-nitrogen noma i-oxygen) ashaya udoti oncibilikile, akhe imiphetho yokusika ebushelelezi, engenamabhu. Isikhala sokusika esincane kakhulu esakhiwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula sichazwa njenge-kerf, esinobubanzi obuncane obungama-0.10 mm kuphela, siqinisekisa ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kwezingxenye ezinhle.
Ukusika kwe-laser okujwayelekile kwezimboni kulandela inqubo ephelele yezinyathelo eziyisithupha: Okokuqala, isoftware ye-CAM yobungcweti iguqula amafayela omklamo we-CAD abe yi-G-code eyenziwa umshini. I-laser resonator ikhiqiza imisebe ye-laser ezinzile, edluliselwa ekhanda lokusika ngama-optical fibers noma izibuko ezibonakalayo. Ilensi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi igxilisa umsebe ube yindawo encane enomfutho omkhulu phezu kwendawo yomsebenzi. Uhlelo lokulawula lwe-CNC bese luhambisa ikhanda lokusika ukuba lihambe endleleni eyisikhombisa esethiwe ukuze kuqedwe ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto. Ezindaweni zangaphakathi ezivaliwe, i-laser idinga ukubhoboza into kusengaphambili, okuthatha isikhathi esengeziwe sokucubungula kumapuleti aminyene.
Ngokuya ngezimiso ezahlukene zokucubungula ngokomzimba, ukusika nge-laser kuhlukaniswe izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- Ukusika Ngokuvusa
: Kusebenzisa ukushisa okungazelelwe okwedlulele ukuvusa izinto ngqo ukuze kusetshenziswe ukusika okuhlanzekile nokunembayo.
- Ukusika Ngokuncibilikisa
: Kuncibilikisa izinto ngokuphelele, ngegazi elingasebenzi elikhipha udaka oluncibilikile ngesikhala ukuze kube nendawo eqediweyo.
- Ukusika ilangabi
: Ithembele ekuphenduleni kwe-oxygen exothermic ukusiza ukusika, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokucubungula kwamapuleti ensimbi alukhuni.
Izinhlobo Ezi-3 Eziyinhloko Zemishini Yokusika Nge-Laser Yezimboni
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamalaser cutter zivumelana nezinto ezihlukene nezidingo zokunemba. Ukukhetha imishini efanele kuyisisekelo sezicucu ezifanelekile nokulawula izindleko.
1. Umshini Wokusika Nge-Fiber Laser
Ama-fiber laser cutters ayisilinganiso esivamile sokucubungula insimbi yesimanje. Ngokwamukela ubuchwepheshe be-optical fiber obunamandla obuphezulu, bakhiqiza amagagasi angu-800–2200 nm, angena kalula ezintweni zensimbi. Lokhu kubenza isixazululo esihle kakhulu ezintweni zensimbi eziphansi kakhulu njenge-aluminium, ithusi, ne-brass.
Izinhlelo ze-fiber laser zinezici zokusika okusheshayo, ama-kerfs ahambisanayo kakhulu, ukuguqulwa kwamandla okukhanya okusezingeni eliphezulu, nokuphila okungafika ku-100,000 amahora. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekusikeni kwezicucu zensimbi ezingezansi kanye nokusika ngelaser kwamathubhu, zihlanganisa izidingo eziningi zokucubungula izicucu zensimbi ezenziwe ngendlela.
2. Umshini Wokusika Nge-CO2 Laser
I-CO2 laser equipment ikhiqiza i-10.6 μm wavelength laser beam, ethathwa kalula ngezinto ezingezona ezensimbi. Iyi-mishini ethandwayo yokucubungula i-acrylic, wood, plywood, MDF, kanye nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-plastiki.
Noma i-CO2 lasers ingakwazi ukusika ama-sheets ensimbi thin, inezinga eliphansi lokusebenza ezinsimbi ezikhanyayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, futhi idinga ukushintshwa kwe-laser tube ngemuva kwezikhathi ezithile ezingu-30,000 zokusebenza, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu zokmaintenance zesikhathi eside.
3. Nd:YAG Laser Machine
Njengomshini we-laser we-solid-state, i-Nd:YAG lasers ikhipha ama-beams aphezulu kakhulu. Ziklama kahle ekwenzeni imisebenzi emincane, ukugxila ngokunembile, kanye nokubhoboza izikhala ezincane, hhayi ukusika ama-sheets ensimbi amakhulu ngendlela ejwayelekile. Ngenkathi zinikeza ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu, zinezimali eziphezulu zokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kwamandla okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-fiber lasers, ezifanele kuphela izimo zokucubungula ezinemininingwane ephezulu.
Ukuvumelana Kwezinto Zokusika I-Laser & Izinga Elijwayelekile
Izinhlamvu ezahlukene ze-laser zihambisana nezinto ezithile. Ukuhambisana kwezinto nemishini okujwayelekile kugwema ukulimala kwemishini, ukuhoxiswa kwezingxenye, kanye neziphakamiso zokunemba. Nansi imikhawulo yokwakha eqinisekiswe ifektri kanye nezinga lokubekezelela elijwayelekile:
Uhlobo Lwezinto | Imishini Econyiwe | Umkhawulo Wokwakha Ophezulu | Ukubekezelela Okujwayelekile |
Insimbi Ethambile | I-Fiber / CO2 Laser | 20–25 mm | ±0.1 mm ~ ±0.25 mm |
Insimbi Engagqwali | I-Fiber Laser | 15–20 mm | ±0.1 mm ~ ±0.25 mm |
Aluminium | I-Fiber Laser | 10–15 mm | ±0.1 mm ~ ±0.25 mm |
Brass / Copper | I-Fiber Laser | 5–10 mm | ±0.1 mm ~ ±0.25 mm |
Acrylic / Wood | CO2 Laser | 20–25 mm | ±0.1 mm ~ ±0.25 mm |
Izinsimbi Ezisekelwayo
Insizakalo yethu yokusika ye-laser yezimboni ifaka insimbi ye-carbon, insimbi engagqwali, aluminium, brass, kanye ne-titanium. Ngokuya ngokujiya kwezinto kanye nobunzima bokwakhiwa, ukubekezelelana okunembayo kulawulwa ngokuqinile phakathi kwe-±0.1 mm kuya ku-±0.25 mm. Zonke izinsimbi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, izibopho, nezingxenye zamashidi zinezindawo zokusika ezihlanzekile kanye nokuhlanekezela okuncane kokushisa, zihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokukhiqiza izimboni.
Izinto ezingeyona ezensimbi ezisekelwayo
Sihlinzeka ngokucubungula okungochwepheshe kumashidi e-acrylic, i-plywood, i-MDF, amapulasitiki ezobunjiniyela, nezingubo. I-MDF ne-Baltic birch yizona zinto ezifanele kakhulu zokhuni zokusika nge-laser ngenxa yokujiya okufanayo kanye namaphakethe ambalwa e-resin. Ngemishini ejwayelekile yokukhipha umoya, ukusika izinto ezingeyona ezensimbi kufeza imiphumela engenamabala, engenamabala.
Izinto ezingavunyelwe ngokuqinile
I-PVC, i-vinyl, i-ABS, ne-polycarbonate eziwugqinsi azivunyelwe nhlobo ukucutshungulwa nge-laser. Ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kwe-laser, lezi zinto zikhipha igesi ye-chlorine enobuthi ne-cyanide, ezilimaza izingxenye zemishini ezibonakalayo, zonakalise izakhiwo zemishini, futhi zidale izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha kubasebenzisi.
Imithetho Ebalulekile Yokuklama ye-DFM Yokusika Nge-Laser
Ukuklama izingxenye ezihambisana nemithetho yokukhiqiza ngokusebenzisa i-laser kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqiza, ukunciphisa ukulungiswa kabusha, nokulawula izindleko. Ukuklama okungenangqondo kuzoholela ngqo ekuhlanekeleni, ukuhlukahluka kwemilinganiso, nokubambezeleka kokukhiqiza.
1. Ububanzi Benkohlomo ≥ Ubukhulu Bezinto (D ≥ t)
Le ndinganiso eyinhloko yefekthri igwema ukuqoqeka ngokweqile kokushisa ngesikhathi sokubhola, igwema ngempumelelo ukuqhuma komphetho, ukuhlanekelwa komumo, nokungazinzi kwemilinganiso kwezici ezincane kumapuleti agqinsi. Izimbobo ezincane kakhulu zigxilisa amandla okushisa endaweni encane, okubangela kalula ukunamathela kwe-slag nokwehluleka kwezobuchwepheshe.
2. Gcina Ibanga Elincane Lokuxhuma & Ukuhlehlisa Komgodi
Ukuvuleka (web) phakathi kwezinsika ezimbili ezihambisanayo kufanele kungabi ngaphansi kobukhulu bezinto ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugoba kwengxenye. Ububanzi obujwayelekile be-laser kerf bungama-0.1–0.2 mm. Abaklami kufanele bagcine ukuhlehlisa komgodi kumafayela e-CAD ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ubukhulu bokugcina bengxenye buhlangabezana namazinga.
3. Engeza Izixazululo Ezijwayelekile Zokugoba Ezingxenyeni Ezigoqiwe
Ezingxenyeni ezidinga ukugobwa okwengeziwe nge-press brake, izakhiwo eziphelele zokuxazulula ukugoba kufanele zengezwe kumafayela e-vector ukuze kugwenywe ukudabuka kwezinto kanye nomonakalo emaphethelweni ngesikhathi sokugoba.
4. Lungisa Amakhona Angaphakathi
Gwema amakhona angaphakathi abukhali ayi-right angle kumaphrofayili we-2D. Ukuguquguquka okufanele kwe-fillet kunciphisa ukucindezeleka, kuvimbele ukuqhekeka kwemiphetho ngesikhathi sokucubungula kanye nokusebenza, futhi kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwengxenye.
Ukuphelisa amaphutha okuhlola ngesandla, ungalayisha amafayela e-STEP ukuze utholeukuhlaziywa kwe-DFM kwamahhala nokucaphuna okusheshayo. Ukuklama okunobuchwepheshe kugwema kahle izingozi zokukhiqiza futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezingu-100% ziyahambisana namazinga okukhiqiza.
Ukusika nge-Laser Kuqhathaniswa nezinye Izindlela Zokukhiqiza
Ukukhetha indlela yokucubungula efanele ngokusekelwe ekwakhekeni kwengxenye, ubukhulu, kanye nenani lokukhiqiza kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokusebenza kwezindleko.
Ukusika nge-Laser Kuqhathaniswa Nokusika Nge-Waterjet
Ukusika nge-waterjet kusebenzisa amanzi anomfutho ophakeme ahlanganiswe nezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukugaya, okubonisa indawo engathinteki ngokushisa kanye nekhono lokucubungula izinto eziyishubile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kunezivinini ezihamba kancane kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zokusebenzisa. Ezintweni ezincane nezimaphakathi zobukhulu bamashidi, ukusika nge-laser kuyashesha, kuzinzile, futhi konga kakhulu.
Ukusika nge-Laser Kuqhathaniswa Nokusika Nge-Plasma
Ukusika nge-plasma kufaneleka kumapuleti ensimbi amakhulu kakhulu kodwa kunezinkinga ezicacile njengokuba nomugqa obanzi, ukungabi nembayo, kanye nezingxenye zokusika ezingalungile. Ngokuphambene, ukusika nge-fiber laser kunomugqa omkhulu, ukunemba okuphezulu kwezilinganiso, kanye nezingxenye ezibushelelezi ezingenamahlathi, okuyinto efanele izingxenye zezimboni ezidinga ukunemba okuphezulu.
Ukusika nge-Laser VS Ukucubungula nge-CNC
Ukugaya nge-CNC kubusa ukumodela kwe-3D, ukucubungula izimbobo ezingabonakali, nokusika okunezinhlobonhlobo zobujule. Ukusika nge-laser kuyinqubo yobungcweti yokwenza amaphethini angu-2D kumapuleti ayisicaba namapayipi. Ezicini ezi-2D ezijwayelekile eziyisicaba, ukusika nge-laser kunomphumela ophakeme kakhulu futhi konga izindleko zokulungisa izinto eziqondene nawe, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ekwenzeni izinto ngokushesha nasekwenziweni ngobuningi.
Abaqhubi Bezindleko Zokusika Nge-Laser & Amathiphu Okuthuthukisa Ukuthengwa
Izinto eziyinhloko ezithinta izindleko zokusika nge-laser zihlanganisa isikhathi sokusebenza komshini, ukusetshenziswa kwegesi losizo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto, kanye nobunzima bokuklama. Njengomphakeli waso sokuqala, siqeda ukunyuswa kwentengo kwabaphakathi ukuze sisize amakhasimende athuthukise izabelomali zokuthenga.
Izinto ezishubile zidinga isivinini sokusika esiphansi kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, okwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza komshini futhi kwandise izindleko. Izingxenye ezinemifanekiso yangaphakathi eminyene zidinga ukuphinda ukubhoboza nokubeka, okwandisa kakhulu imijikelezo yokucubungula. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamashidi okuthuthukisiwe kukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto futhi kunciphisa ukuchitha ngempumelelo.
Ukukhethwa kwegesi losizo kuthinta kakhulu amanani: Ukusika okusizwa yi-oksijeni kunezindleko eziphansi futhi kufaneleka ekucubunguleni insimbi eshubile; ukusika okusizwa yi-nitrogen kunikeza imiphetho ebushelelezi kakhulu elungele ukudayela kodwa kunezindleko eziphakeme zokusebenzisa ngehora. Amakhasimende angakhetha izixazululo ngokuya ngezidingo zendawo kanye nesabelomali.
Ukucaphuna okwenziwa ngesandla ngokwesintu kuvamise ukuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa. Uhlelo lwethu lokucaphuna oluhlakaniphile lwe-AI lwakha amanani anembayo ngemizuzu, lufinyeza kakhulu umjikelezo wokuthenga. Sisekela ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi ezisheshayo, ngama-oda aphuthumayo atholakalayo ukulethwa ngosuku olungu-1 ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamaphrojekthi ezidinga isikhathi esisheshayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngokusikwa Nge-Laser
1. Yikuphi ukujiya okukhulu umshini wokugunda nge-laser ongakwazi ukukucubungula?
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza ezimbonini, izinhlelo zethu ze-fiber laser zisekela insimbi ethambile kuze kufike ku-25 mm,insimbi engagqwalikuze kufike ku-20 mm, ne-aluminium kuze kufike ku-15 mm. Kwezicucu ezijiyile, ukugunda nge-waterjet noma ukugunda nge-plasma kuyindlela enokwenzeka kakhudlwana.
2. Kunembile kangakanani ukugunda nge-laser ezimbonini?
Izinsizakalo zethu zokusika nge-laser zilalela ngokuqinile izindinganiso zezimboni ze-ISO 2768-m, ezinezimvume ezijwayelekile ezizinzile kusuka ku-±0.1 mm kuye ku-±0.25 mm, zihlangabezana ngokuphelele nezidingo zokunemba kwezingxenye zezimoto, ezokundiza, ezokwelapha, neze-elektroniki.
Ngemisebenzi yokusika nge-laser eyenziwe ngokwezifiso elandela lezi zindlela ezingcono kakhulu ze-DFM, thintana ne-SMS Hardware ukuze uthole isilinganiso samahhala, esingenazibopho kanye nokubuyekezwa kokuklama
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